ACE
Agricultural, construction and earthmoving
(equipment).
AKD wax
The active ingredient in AKD sizing used in paper manufacture.
Sizing makes paper less water absorbing and
controls its printing properties. AKD = alkylketenedimer.
Alkyd paint
An outdoor or indoor paint that is based on an air-drying alkyd binder. Alkyd is an oil-modified polyester resin. Alkyd paint dries faster than conventional oil paint.
Aluminium sulphate
Mainly used in the paper industry. Also used as a coagulant in water purification. It is generally made from aluminium hydroxide using sulphuric acid.
Ammonia
A basic chemical that is produced from natural gas and is mainly a nitrogen-containing raw material in fertilizers.
Ammonium nitrate (AN)
A nitrogen fertilizer.
Anatase
A certain type of titanium dioxide pigment used by the paper industry in particular.
Audit
A systematic, independent and documented inspection or evaluation in which operations are compared with given requirements or guidelines. An audit can be performed
by an external party or by an internal expert.
up
Calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN)
A nitrogen fertilizer. Ammonium nitrate into which powdered limestone is mixed as part of the production process.
Calcium chloride
An industrial salt that is made from limestone using hydrochloric acid. It has a variety of uses such as in dust binding on roads, oil drilling and applications in the food-processing industry.
Can coatings
Can coatings for the beverage and food industry. The coating acts as an insulating layer between the food product and the can or cap.
Carbon sink
A part of the earth that permanently removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and binds it in organic compounds. The most important carbon sinks are the world's oceans and forests.
CEFIC
The umbrella organization of the European Chemical industry (Confédération Européenne des Fédérations de l'Industrie Chimique).
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
A quantity connected with waste waters. It mainly serves to measure the ability of organic substances to consume oxygen in water.
Coagulant
Precipitates impurities in water.
Coil coating
A method of coating metal sheets.
Compound fertilizer
A fertilizer that contains in every granule a number of elements that are essential for plants.
CPS
Colour Processing Systems.
up
Diammonium phosphate (DAP)
A nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer for crops
and horticulture.
Dicalcium phosphate (DCP)
A raw material for animal feed, manufactured from raw phosphate and limestone.
up
ECF bleaching
Elemental chlorine free pulp bleaching.
ECOX
Product name for sodium percarbonate. Used
as detergent bleach.
EHS
Environment, Health and Safety.
EMAS
(Eco-Management and Audit Scheme)
An environmental management system that is based on a European Community regulation. Industrial companies can register for it voluntarily.
Environmental business
The sale of products and services that are used directly for environmental protection or are closely related to it.
Environmental chemical
A chemical that is used for environmental protection purposes or closely connected to it. For example, chemicals used in treating waste water.
Environmental disclosure
A yearly report by a company on the releases caused by its operations as well as their environmental impacts, liabilities, costs, legislative compliance and other related environmental issues of major importance.
It is becoming an increasingly integral part of
the financial reporting.
Environmental management system
A company's regular, documented description of how it acts in managing environmental affairs. The main components are the drawing up of an environmental policy, the setting and measuring of objectives as well as auditing.
Environmental report
A company's public report that is free-form in terms of its content and deals with environmental issues connected with the company's operations. It is published either separately or as part of the Annual Report at
discretionary intervals.
Environmental technology
Equipment used for environmental protection
purposes.
up
Ferix
Product name. Granular ferrisulphate, a water
treatment chemical.
Ferrichloride
An iron-based water treatment chemical.
Ferrous sulphate
An iron-based water treatment chemical or a raw material used in such chemicals. It is generated as a byproduct in the manufacture of titanium dioxide pigment. Also used in feeds.
FinnTi
Product name for titanium dioxide pigment.
Formamide
A solvent and raw material used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, a derivative of formic acid.
Formic acid
Manufactured from carbon monoxide and methanol. Mainly used in silage additives as well as in the textile, pharmaceutical and rubber industries.
up
Greenhouse gases
Gases that promote heating of the atmosphere, the most important of which are carbon dioxide, methane and laughing gas (nitrous oxide).
up
HAZOP
A risk analysis method that is used in the process industry to improve working methods and the technical safety of equipment.
Hydrogen peroxide
A reactive oxygen chemical that is used especially in the environmentally sound bleaching of pulp, and also as a disinfectant and in environmental applications. Its raw
materials are hydrogen and the oxygen found in air.
Hydrophobation agent
An additive used in paper manufacture to regulate the water absorption of paper.
up
IFA
International Fertilizer Industry Association.
Ilmenite
The raw material of titanium dioxide pigment, an ore which has a relatively low concentration of titanium.
ISO
The International Standards Organization.
ISO 14001
An International standard that defines the requirements of an environmental management system. A company or institution that complies with the requirements can obtain a certificate according to the standard.
up
KREPRO
The Kemwater Recycling Process separates metals, heavy metals, phosphorus and carbon out from waste water sludge and recirculates them for useful purposes.
up
LORIS (KEMIRA LORIS)
(Local Resource Information System)
A satellite-controlled precision farming system.
up
Methylene urea
A slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer.
Monocalcium phosphate (MCP)
A feed raw material that is manufactured using limestone and pure phosphoric acid.
up
Nitric acid
A basic chemical that is made from ammonia by catalytic combustion. An important intermediale in fertilizer manufacture.
Nitrogen (N)
An element that is essential for the growth of plants.
Nitrogen oxides
Mainly nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Nitrogen gases that are formed as emissions in combustion and, for example, in the manufacture of nitric acid. Nitric oxides cause acidification and impair air quality.
NK fertilizer
Fertilizer containing nitrogen and potassium.
NPK fertilizer
A compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as its main nutrients. A number of trace elements can also be added to it.
up
Organic mineral fertilizer
Composed of both organic substances (e.g. peat) and inorganic salts.
up
Peracetic acid
A reactive acid chemical that is used in the environmentally sound bleaching of pulp.
Phosphate
A phosphorus compound which occurs in natural ores and is used as a raw material in fertilizers, animal feeds and detergents.
Phosphogypsum
A gypsum that is formed as a byproduct in the manufacture of phosphoric acid.
Phosphoric acid
An acid that is manufactured from phosphate concentrate using sulphuric acid and is used as a raw material in products such as compound fertilizers, feed phosphates, detergents and processed foods.
Phosphorus (P)
An element that is essential for life. One of the three main nutrients in fertilizers. It is obtained by processing phosphate-containing ores.
Pickling liquor
An acidic solution that is used to surface coat metals.
PK fertilizer
Fertilizer containing phosphorus and potassium.
Plastisol
Precoated thin sheet for roofing.
Polyaluminium chloride
A chemical coagulant that is used in the treatment of drinking water and waste water.
POP
Persistent Organic Pollutant.
Potassium (K)
An element. One of the three main nutrients in
compound fertilizers. It is excavated mainly in salt mines in the form of potassium chloride.
Potassium nitrate
A nitrogen and potassium fertilizer that is used in horticulture.
Potassium sulphate
A sulphur and potassium fertilizer used in horticulture, or the raw material for fertilizer.
Process chemicals
Products that are primarily sold to the process industry, such as nitric acid, ammonia and technical urea.
ProGips
Product name. Gypsum raw material used by
the construction industry.
up
Responsible Care (RC)
The chemical industry's voluntary, worldwide environmental and safety programme.
Rutile ore
A raw material in titanium dioxide pigment. It contains a large amount of titanium dioxide.
up
Size
Additives used in paper manufacture to improve the strength or to lower the water absorption of paper.
Sodium percarbonate
A raw material in detergents. It is made from soda using hydrogen peroxide.
Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP)
Used in detergents as builder to soften the water. Prevents dirt particles from adhering back to the garment.
Straight fertilizer
A fertilizer containing one plant nutrient.
Sulphur dioxide
An industrial gas which is used mainly by the forest industry and is manufactured, for example, by burning elementary sulphur or by means of its recovery from process gases. It is also an acidification-causing emission
that is produced when sulphur-containing fuels
are burnt.
Sulphuric acid
A widely used basic chemical that is produced
from sulphur dioxide gas. The raw gas is obtained from the roasting of certain ores, or by burning elementary sulphur.
Stabilization
Bringing to a permanent state. For example, the chemical composition of a hazardous waste can be changed or the solubility in water of the waste can be lowered by means of various treatment techniques
up
Tinting system
A method of producing coloured paint. The system comprises (base paints,) tinting colourants, tinting formulae, dispensing machines, shakers, colour matching
systems, PC software, and colour cards.
TiO2
Titanium dioxide.
Titanium dioxide pigment
A white pigment. An important raw material in the manufacture of paint, paper, plastics and printing ink. It is manufactured from titanium-containing ores and slag in a complex process involving the use of sulphuric acid or chlorine and numerous auxiliary chemicals. The methods of manufacture are the sulphate
process and the chloride process.
up
UC cured product
Lacquer or paint cured by ultra-violet radiation.
Ultrafine TiO2
A very fine crystal titanium dioxide that is invisible in the product application and protects against UV radiation.
Urea
A single-nutrient fertilizer that contains a large amount of nitrogen and is manufactured from ammonia and carbon dioxide. It is also used in resin adhesives.
up
Water chemical
A chemical used in treating water.
up
VIC (Volatile Inorganic Compounds)
These compounds include ammonia, chlorine and fluorine that are formed as emissions mainly from the processes of the basic inorganic industries.
VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds)
These compounds are mainly solvents which in normal conditions evaporate into the air, notably with effects on the generation of ozone.
up